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| Other Big Game Hunting in Colorado |
| Colorado Division of Wildlife | 11/13/07 |
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Deer and elk are the most commonly hunted species in Colorado. But hunters also go to the high country to pursue other magnificent big game animals: bighorn sheep, mountain goats, bears, moose and mountain lions.
 The numbers of these animals in the state are significantly lower than deer and elk, so licenses are few and difficult to get. But those who obtain a license can look forward to a high-quality hunting experience.
Bighorn Sheep
The bighorn is perhaps the most recognized and sought after animal in Colorado. The curled horns of the rams display one of the most magnificent characteristics of any wildlife species.
But while the hardy animals live in harsh terrain, big horns are a fragile species and Colorado wildlife managers are keeping a close watch on them. The population of big horns is estimated at only about 7,200, and the population has dropped slightly in the past few years.
In 2006, the Colorado Division of Wildlife issued only about 227 licenses for the entire state. Last season hunters took a total of 152 animals, including 123 rams and 29 ewes. Getting a license is difficult, with most hunters waiting a minimum of five to seven years to draw a tag. Depending on the unit, many hunters have waited more than 10 years for a license.
The preferred habitat of bighorns is steep, rocky slopes with little vegetation.
"They are very challenging to hunt," says Scott Wait, a senior biologist for the wildlife agency.
While not meaning to be discouraging, Wait doesn't mince words about the realities of hunting for sheep.
"They are very wary. The stalk is usually long, strenuous and in difficult terrain," Wait says. "Most hunters must make long shots, often 200 yards or more. So you'll need high-quality optics and a long-range flat-shooting rifle."
Retrieving an animal, of course, adds to the hunting challenge.
The good news for hunters is that bighorns are most active during the day and follow predictable daily patterns.
Unfortunately, for the bighorn, their predictability contributes to their fragility. Unlike other big game species, they do not adapt easily to new areas. They like to stay on their home turf, even when they are pressured by development or other animals – wild and domestic.
When pressured the animals become stressed and do not reproduce well. Sheep also are susceptible to diseases spread by domestic sheep and goats and wild mountain goats.
The DOW is now studying all the herds in the state closely.
Colorado is also home to desert bighorn sheep. This species is also struggling and only about 300 animals are estimated to be alive in the state. Only three licenses are issued for hunting each year. In 2006 three desert bighorns were harvested.
Mountain Goats
The adaptable, hardy mountain goats seem to be able to defy gravity. These snow white critters inhabit terrain that is even more severe than the haunts of bighorn sheep.
Goats balance on narrow bands of rock on sheer cliffs, and eat lichen and small plants. They seem to think nothing of jumping from one precipice to another. Goats also remain at high-elevation year around, enduring brutal winter conditions above timberline at more than 11,000 feet.
Mountain goats were transplanted in Colorado from other states in the 1940s. There is still debate if they were ever native to the state.
Goats are very adaptable and can move long distances to get to new terrain. Unfortunately, they also carry a disease that might infect bighorn sheep. Consequently, wildlife managers work to keep them in areas where they've long been established and where they don't interact with bighorns. These areas include the Raggeds Wilderness near Gunnison, in the mountains around Georgetown, in the Collegiate Peaks west of Buena Vista, in the Gore Range in the central mountains, and in the San Juan Mountains near Silverton.
The DOW estimates the mountain goat population at 1,965. In 2005, only 221 licenses were issued in 2006 and 147 goats were taken by hunters.
Those who want to hunt goats should expect to wait five years or more to accumulate enough preference points to for a license.
Black Bears
After being adversely affected by drought in the early years of the decade, black bears appear to be making a slow comeback in Colorado. Bears are very dependent on specific types of plants for survival. Adequate rain and snow in most parts of the state during the last few years has helped spur growth of good crops of acorns in scrub oak, service berry, choke cherries and a variety of grasses and forbs.
It's estimated that from 9,000 to 14,000 bears live in Colorado. Bears are mostly solitary and reproduce slowly. Sows do not start producing cubs until they are five years old and then can give birth every other year. Cubs often stay with their mothers for up to two years. Bears range generally in size from about 175 pounds for a sow and up to about 300 pounds for a boar. Few bears exceed 350 pounds in Colorado.
Bears live primarily in the range of 8,000 feet to 9,500 feet in elevation in thick oak brush and aspen groves. Population and reproduction vary depending on the availability of their favorite foods – acorns from oak brush, berries, grasses and forbs. When the weather is wet, that's good news for bears. In drought fewer bears are born.
The difficulty in obtaining a hunting license depends on the season and the specific game management unit. Most bears are killed in September when they are most active searching for food before they go into hibernation. Consequently, licenses during the September season are difficult too get. After September, licenses for most units can be purchased over-the-counter. Some deer and elk hunters buy a bear tag because the seasons are at the same time.
In 2006, just over 8,000 licenses were issued, but only 454 bears were killed by hunters. One reason for the low harvest rate is that bears are difficult to hunt because they live primarily in thick brush. Also, after September their eating slows down and they are more difficult to find. By early November, most bears are curled up for their six-month nap.
Most bears are harvested when the weather is warm, so a successful hunter must attend to the carcass quickly. Remove the hide as fast as possible after the kill and trim away the fat. Then get the meat on ice as soon as possible. In warm weather, meat will spoil quickly.
Anyone who harvests a bear also must bring the carcass to a DOW station within five days of the kill so the sex and size can be determined and entered into a data base. The DOW is also removing a small tooth – the first premolar – from which can be determined how many times a sow has given birth to cubs. The inspection aids in research and in managing the bear population.
Mountain Lions
The most elusive big game animal in Colorado is the mountain lion. Also known as pumas or cougars – they live in areas where there is dense vegetation and often very broken terrain such as canyons and rocky hillsides. Deer are the primary prey for Colorado's biggest native cat.
The population of lions in the state is estimated to be from 3,000 to 7,000. In recent seasons about 1,600 licenses have been sold and about 240 lions are killed by hunters.
Licenses for lions can be purchased over-the-counter and the season lasts from November through March. Hunters who obtain licenses must call in to the DOW every day to check if quotas have been filled in specific game management units.
Most lion hunting occurs when there is snow on the ground. Dogs pick up the scent from tracks and chase the lions into trees. The chase is often long and difficult through challenging terrain.
Moose
Moose were introduced to Colorado in the mid 1970s. Moose are solitary and reproduce slowly. It is estimated that about 1,600 moose live in Colorado. They are concentrated primarily in North Park, on the Grand Mesa and in the San Juan mountains in the Rio Grande River drainage.
Moose licenses are difficult to obtain. In 2006, more than 11,000 hunters applied for the 177 licenses available. A total of 135 animals were taken during the season. Moose hunting currently occurs in North Park and the San Juan mountains. A new population is being established on the Grand Mesa with moose transplanted from Utah. Licenses are not yet being sold for that area. |
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